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सिविल सेवा परीक्षा क्या हैं ? जाने सारी जानकारी यहाँ से ||

Manish Sharma

संघ लोक सेवा आयोग (यूपीएससी), जो भारत का एक संवैधानिक निकाय है, भारतीय प्रशासनिक सेवा (IAS) और भारतीय पुलिस सेवा (IPS) जैसी अखिल भारतीय सेवाओं तथा भारतीय विदेश सेवा (IFS), भारतीय राजस्व सेवा (IRS), भारतीय रेलवे यातायात सेवा (IRTS) एवं भारतीय कंपनी कानून सेवा (ICLS) आदि जैसी प्रतिष्ठित सेवाओं हेतु अभ्यर्थियों का चयन करने के लिये प्रत्येक वर्ष सिविल सेवा परीक्षा आयोजित करता है। प्रत्येक वर्ष लाखों अभ्यर्थी अपना भाग्य आज़माने के लिये इस परीक्षा में बैठते हैं। तथापि, उनमें से चंद अभ्यर्थियों को ही “राष्ट्र के वास्तुकार” (Architect of Nation) की संज्ञा से विभूषित इन प्रतिष्ठित पदों तक पहुँचने का सौभाग्य प्राप्त होता है। ‘सिविल सेवा परीक्षा’ मुख्यत: तीन चरणों (प्रारंभिक, मुख्य एवं साक्षात्कार) में सम्पन्न की जाती है जिनका सामान्य परिचय इस प्रकार है- 

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा:

  • सिविल सेवा परीक्षा का प्रथम चरणप्रारंभिक परीक्षा कहलाता है। इसकी प्रकृति पूरी तरह वस्तुनिष्ठ (बहुविकल्पीय) होती है, जिसके अंतर्गत प्रत्येक प्रश्न के लिये दिये गए चार संभावित विकल्पों (a, b, c और d) में से एक सही विकल्प का चयन करना होता है। 
  • प्रश्न से सम्बंधित आपके चयनित विकल्प को आयोग द्वारा दी गई ओएमआर सीट में प्रश्न के सम्मुख दिये गए संबंधित गोले (सर्किल) में उचित स्थान पर काले बॉल पॉइंट पेन से भरना होता है।
  • सिविल सेवा प्रारंभिक परीक्षा200 अंकों की होती है। 
  • वर्तमान में प्रारंभिक परीक्षा में दो प्रश्नपत्र शामिल हैं। पहला प्रश्नपत्र‘सामान्य अध्ययन’ (100 प्रश्न, 200 अंक) का है, जबकि दूसरे को ‘सिविल सेवा अभिवृत्ति परीक्षा’ (Civil Services Aptitude Test) या ‘सीसैट’ (80 प्रश्न, 200 अंक) का होता है और यह क्वालीफाइंग पेपर के रूप में है। सीसैट प्रश्नपत्र में 33% अंक प्राप्त करने आवश्यक हैं।
  • दोनों प्रश्नपत्रों में ‘निगेटिव मार्किंगकी व्यवस्था लागू है जिसके तहत 3 उत्तर गलत होने पर 1 सही उत्तर के बराबर अंक काट लिये जाते हैं।
  • प्रारंभिक परीक्षा में कट-ऑफ का निर्धारण सिर्फ प्रथम प्रश्नपत्र यानी सामान्य अध्ययन के आधार पर किया जाता है।

मुख्य परीक्षा: 

  • सिविल सेवा परीक्षा का दूसरा चरण ‘मुख्य परीक्षा’ कहलाता है।
  • प्रारंभिक परीक्षा का उद्देश्य सिर्फ इतना है कि सभी उम्मीदवारों में से कुछ गंभीर व योग्य उम्मीदवारों को चुन लिया जाए तथा वास्तविक परीक्षा उन चुने हुए उम्मीदवारों के बीच आयोजित कराई जाए।
  • मुख्य परीक्षाकुल 1750 अंकों की है जिसमें 1000 अंक सामान्य अध्ययन के लिये (250-250 अंकों के 4 प्रश्नपत्र), 500 अंक एक वैकल्पिक विषय के लिये (250-250 अंकों के 2 प्रश्नपत्र) तथा 250 अंक निबंध के लिये निर्धारित हैं।
  • मुख्य परीक्षा में ‘क्वालिफाइंग’ प्रकृति के दोनों प्रश्नपत्रों (अंग्रेज़ी एवं हिंदी या संविधान की 8वीं अनुसूची में शामिल कोई भाषा) के लिये 300-300 अंक निर्धारित हैं, जिनमेंन्यूनतम अर्हता अंक 25% (75 अंक) निर्धारित किये गए हैं। इन प्रश्नपत्रों के अंक योग्यता निर्धारण में नहीं जोड़े जाते हैं।   
  • मुख्य परीक्षा के प्रश्नपत्र अंग्रेज़ी और हिंदी दोनों भाषाओं में साथ-साथ प्रकाशित किये जाते हैं, हालाँकि उम्मीदवारों को संविधान की आठवीं अनुसूची में शामिल22 भाषाओं में से किसी में भी उत्तर देने की छूट होती है (केवल साहित्य के विषयों में यह छूट है कि उम्मीदवार उसी भाषा की लिपि में उत्तर लिखे है, चाहे उसका माध्यम वह भाषा न हो)।  
  • गौरतलब है कि जहाँ प्रारंभिक परीक्षा पूरी तरह वस्तुनिष्ठ (Objective) होती है, वहीं मुख्य परीक्षा में अलग-अलग शब्द सीमा वाले वर्णनात्मक (Descriptive) या व्यक्तिनिष्ठ (Subjective) प्रश्न पूछे जाते हैं। इन प्रश्नों में विभिन्न विकल्पों में से उत्तर चुनना नहीं होता बल्कि अपने शब्दों में लिखना होता है। यही कारण है कि मुख्य परीक्षा में सफल होने के लिये अच्छी लेखन शैली बहुत महत्त्वपूर्ण मानी जाती है।

साक्षात्कार: 

  • सिविल सेवा परीक्षा का अंतिम एवं महत्त्वपूर्ण चरणसाक्षात्कार (Interview) कहलाता है।    
  • मुख्य परीक्षा मे चयनित अभ्यर्थियों को सामान्यत: फरवरी-मार्च-अप्रैल माह में आयोग के समक्ष साक्षात्कार के लिये उपस्थित होना होता है।
  • इसमें न तो प्रारंभिक परीक्षा की तरह सही उत्तर के लिये विकल्प दिये जाते हैं और न ही मुख्य परीक्षा के कुछ प्रश्नपत्रों की तरह अपनी सुविधा से प्रश्नों के चयन की सुविधा होती है। हर प्रश्न का उत्तर देना अनिवार्य होता है और हर उत्तर पर आपसे प्रतिप्रश्न भी पूछे जा सकते हैं। हर गलत या हल्का उत्तर ‘नैगेटिव मार्किंग’ जैसा नुकसान करता है और इससे भी मुश्किल बात यह कि परीक्षा के पहले दो चरणों के विपरीत इसके लिये कोई निश्चित पाठ्यक्रम भी नहीं है। दुनिया में जो भी प्रश्न सोचा जा सकता है, वह इसके पाठ्यक्रम का हिस्सा है। दरअसल, यह परीक्षा अपनी प्रकृति में ही ऐसी है कि उम्मीदवार का बेचैन होना स्वाभाविक है।  
  • यूपीएससी द्वारा आयोजित सिविल सेवा परीक्षा में इंटरव्यू के लिये कुल275 अंक निर्धारित किये गए हैं। मुख्य परीक्षा के अंकों (1750 अंक) की तुलना में इस चरण के लिये निर्धारित अंक कम अवश्य हैं लेकिन अंतिम चयन एवं पद निर्धारण में इन अंकों का विशेष योगदान होता है। 
  • इंटरव्यू के दौरान अभ्यर्थियों के व्यक्तित्व का परीक्षण किया जाता है, जिसमें आयोग में निर्धारित स्थान पर इंटरव्यू बोर्ड के सदस्यों द्वारा मौखिक प्रश्न पूछे जाते हैं, जिनका उत्तर अभ्यर्थी को मौखिक रूप से ही  देना होता है। यह प्रक्रिया अभ्यर्थियों की संख्या के अनुसार सामान्यत: 40-50 दिनों तक चलती है।        
  • मुख्य परीक्षा एवं साक्षात्कार में प्राप्त किये गए अंकों के योग के आधार पर अंतिम रूप से मेधा सूची (मेरिट लिस्ट) तैयार की जाती है।

इस चरण के लिये चयनित सभी अभ्यर्थियों का इंटरव्यू समाप्त होने के सामान्यत: एक सप्ताह पश्चात् अन्तिम रूप से चयनित अभ्यर्थियों की सूची जारी की जाती है। 

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चंद्रयान 1 – 2 -3 से संबंधित महत्वपूर्ण जानकारी

Nitesh Mehra

134 thoughts on “सिविल सेवा परीक्षा क्या हैं ? जाने सारी जानकारी यहाँ से ||”

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