| Name | Rules | Example |
| Can | शक्ति, क्षमता और योग्यता व्यक्त करने के लिए, Strong ability व्यक्त करने के लिए, सम्भावना व्यक्त करने के लिए, आज्ञा देने के लिए, स्वभाव व्यक्त करने के लिए ।
*can’t help ,एक Idiom जिसका अर्थ है – can’t avoid | 1. I can lift 50 kg weight.
2. I can speak English. 3. Anyone can solve this problem. 4. Father can come any time now. 5. He can do as hi likes. 6. She can tell lies.
|
| Could | Can की past form शक्ति, सामर्थ्य या योग्यता past tense में सम्भावना, विनम्र प्रार्थना व्यक्त करने के लिए, could+have+verb III form, Past की योग्यता दर्शाने आदि के लिए। | 1. She said that she could also sing.
2. She asked me if I could teach her. 3. If he has work hard he could see a goodcareer. 4. Could you show me your pen? 5. The money has disappeared who could have taken it. |
| May | Permission देने या लेने में, सम्भावना व्यक्त करने, उद्देश्य को व्यक्त करने, इच्छा या प्रार्थना को व्यक्त करने आदि के लिए | 1. May I use your car?
2. You may go. 3. It may rain today. 4. We eat so that we may live. 5. May you live long? |
| Might | May की past form में, past tense में उद्देष्य, भविश्य की किसी संदेहात्मक सम्भावना, आज्ञा, अनुमान, आकस्मिक आदेश की पालना व्यक्त करने आदि के लिए किया जाता है।
May और Might दोनों सम्भावना दिखाते है परन्तु Might बहुत कम सम्भावना दिखाता है जबकि May की सम्भावना Might से अधिक है । | 1. He told me that he might help me.
2. He ran fast so that he might catch the train. 3. He might come. 4. The teacher said that I might win a scholarship. 5. He told me that she might have finished her work. 6. You might post this letter. |
| Must | आवश्यकता व कर्तव्य, मजबूरी, जोरदार सुझााव के लिए, सम्भावना या निष्कर्ष को व्यक्त करने में जब संभावना अधिक हो तब should के स्थान पर Must का प्रयोग, कानूनी व नैतिक कर्तव्य, दृढ संकल्प निषेधाज्ञा को व्यक्त करने आदि के लिए किया जाता है। | 1. I must go now.
2. We must take rest now. 3. She must have done her work by now. 4. He must be a thief. 5. You must be feeling sleepy. 6. You must not enter ladies toilet. 7. I must see you again before I join my duty. |
| Shall | अनुरोध प्रकट करने में, दूसरे की इच्छा जानने के लिए, चेतावनी, आज्ञा, आश्वासन, वचन, मजबूरी, दृढनिष्चय प्रकट करने आदि के लिए किया जाता है। | 1. Shall I take this pen?
2. Shall I call the doctor? 3. You shall not enter my office with out my permission. 4. He shall not tell a lie. 5. Shall be apply for I as? |
| Ought to | नैतिक कर्तव्य या सामाजिक बन्धन, बहुत अधिक सम्भावना, बांछनीयता एवं सुझाव आदि को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। | 1. You ought to serve and smile.
2. You ought to be polite your teacher. 3. She ought to pass this time. 4. They ought to be here by now. 5. School authorities ought to appoint a new science teacher. 6. You ought watch this romantic movie. |
| Will | future tense में , इच्छा, दृढनिष्चय, अनिवार्यता प्रकट करने, प्रष्न वाचक वाक्यों में विनम्रता प्रकट करने के लिए, आदत बताने आदि के लिए होता है। | 1. They will help you.
2. I will go to Delhi next Sunday. 3. I will teach him a lession. 4. He will never tell the truth. 5. Will you help me?
|
| Should | Past में future को व्यक्त करने, कर्तव्य प्रकट करने, सलाह, सुझाव, या निष्कर्ष व्यक्त करने के लिए, के पश्चात कल्पना को व्यक्त करने, सम्भावना, नैतिक दायित्व तथा कर्तव्य का बोध करने आदि के लिए किया जाता है। | 1. I said that he should go home.
2. We should help the needy. 3. You should work hard to pass the examination. 4. He should have returned by this time. 5. Run fast lest you should miss the train. 6. Should you work well you will get success? 7. We should obey are constitution.
|
| Would | will की past form में, भूतकाल में आदत , वर्तमान काल मे विनम्र निवेदन, तीव्र इच्छा को प्रकट करने, प्राथमिकता प्रकट करने, असम्भव स्थिति को व्यक्त करने, सम्भावना का बोध करने , दृढनिष्चत प्रकट करने आदि के लिए ।
*If only, I wish के साथ past perfect tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है परन्तु इसके साथ modal auxiliary verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है जो कि would प्रयोग होगा | 1. She said that she would go.
2. He would sit and talk all day. 3. Would you lend me your scooter? 4. Would that I were a king. 5. I would suffer rather than borrow. 6. Had you worked hard you would have passed. 7. She would be her mother. 8. I would never surrender before him. |
| Have to/ Has to | अनिवार्यता प्रकट करने के लिए , जहाॅ कार्य करने के लिए दबाव हो या मजबूरी हो । जाना है , खाना है जिसे ना करने से काम बिगड सकता है। | 1. You have to do this now.
2. She has to go to market. 3. They have to go to temple. |
| Need | आवश्यकता होना या पडना , निशेधात्मक या नकारात्मक और प्रश्नवाचक वाक्यों में , आवश्यकता तथा बाध्यता व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। | 1. You need not go there.
2. Need she go out? 3. You need not worry about that. 4. Rama need not go to hospital now. |
| Have got to | अनिवार्यता दर्शाता है | 1. If you want to drive a car in India you have got to get a license. |
| Used to | भूतकाल की आदत या भूतकाल की अवस्था का बोध, वर्तमान की आदत, कार्य या व्यवहार को व्यक्त करने , अतीत की वर्तमान से तुलना करने आदि के लिए । | 1. He used to go to cinema when he was young.
2. They are used to spicy food. 3. He used to walk in the morning. |
| Dare | साहस करना, चुनौती देना एवं इसका प्रयोग निशेधात्मक व प्रश्नवाचक वाक्यों में किया जाता है। | 1. He dare not speak against me.
2. How dare you challenge me? 3. Dare they say such things? |
|
Had better |
Had better का प्रयोग present या future की कोई विशेष सलाह देने के लिए किया जाता है जिसे न मानने से कुछ बुरा होने की सम्भावना हेा desperate hope दर्षाने के लिए, सामान्य सलाह के लिए should का प्रयोग किया जाता है। |
1. You had better take your umbrella with you today. 2. That bus had better get here soon. 3. You had better watch the way you talk to me in the future. |
| Would rather | का प्रयोग किसी वस्तु के सम्बन्ध में preference दर्शाने में किया जाता है , would rather ,एवं prefer का अर्थ एक जैसा ही है। would rather के साथ past की घटना दर्शाते है। | 1. I would rather listen to music than watch TV.
2. I prefer listening to music to watching TV. 3. I prefer starting early rather than leaving thing to the last minutes. |
| About to | हाल ही में शुरू होने वाली घटना या काम के लिए । | 1. He is starting the computer I think he is about to learn coral.
2. I am about to go to airport. |
| Is to/ Are to/ Am to | किसी होने वाले कार्य में होना है , करना है कहने के लिए । इसमें अनिवार्यता नही होती है। | 1. He is to go to market.
2. You are to go to market. 3. I am to go to market |
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