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रासायनिक संघटन तथा कार्यविधि के आधार पर हार्मोन्स को निम्नलिखित भागों विभाजित किया गया है-
ऑक्जिन Auxin
जिबरेलिन्स Gibberellins
साइटोकाइनिन Cytokinin
ऐबसिसिक एसिड Abscisic Acid
एथीलीन Ethylene
ऑक्जिन Auxin
ऑक्जिन कार्बनिक यौगिकों का वह समूह है जो पौधों में कोशिका विभाजन (Cell division) तथा कोशिका दीर्घन (Cell elongation) के कार्य में भाग लेता है। Indole acetic acid—I.A.A एवं नैफ्थेलीन इसके मुख्य उदाहरण हैं। तने में जिस ओर ऑक्जिन की अधिकता होती है, उस ओर वृद्धि अधिक होती है। जड़ में इसकी अधिक वृद्धि को कम करती है।
कार्य:
ऑक्जिन कोशिका दीर्घन द्वारा तने की वृद्धि में सहायकता करता हैं।
ये जड़ की वृद्धि को कंट्रोल करते हैं।
ये बीजरहित फल के उत्पादन में सहायक होते हैं।
पत्तियों के झड़ने तथा फलों के गिरने पर ऑक्जिन का नियंत्रण होता है।
गेहूँ एवं मक्का के खेतों में ऑक्जिन खर-पतवार नाशक का कार्य करते हैं।
जिबरलिन्स Gibberellins
जिबरेलिन एक जटिल कार्बनिक यौगिक है, जिसका मुख्य उदाहरण जिबरैलिक एसिड (Gibberellic acid) है |
कार्य:
जिबरैलिन्स कोशिका विभाजन तथा कोशिका दीर्घन द्वारा तने को लम्बा बनाते हैं, जिसके कारण पौधे वृहत् आकार के हो जाते हैं।
जिबरेलिन्स हार्मोन का प्रयोग करके बीजरहित फलों का उत्पादन किया जाता है।
जिबरैलिन्स हार्मोन बीजों के अंकुरण में भाग लेते हैं। बीजों की सुषुप्तावस्था को भंग करके उन्हें अंकुरित होने के लिए प्रेरित करते हैं।
साइटोकाइनिन Cytokinins
साइटोकाइनिन क्षारीय प्रकृति का एक हार्मोन है। काइनिटीन (Kinetin) एक संश्लेषित साइटोकाइनिन है। साइटोकाइनिन का संश्लेषण जड़ों के आगे के सिरों पर होता है, जहाँ कोशिका-विभाजन (Cell division) होता है।
कार्य:
साइटोकाइनिन कोशिका विभाजन के लिए एक आवश्यक हार्मोन है।
यह ऊतकों एवं कोशिकाओं का विभेदन का कार्य करती है।
साइटोकाइनिन पार्श्व कलिकाओं (Lateral buds) की वृद्धि को प्रारम्भ करते हैं।
साइटोकाइनिन बीजों के अंकुरण (Germination) को प्रेरित करते हैं।
ऐबसिसिक एसिड Abscisic Acid
यह एक वृद्धरोधी (Growth inhibitor) हार्मोन है, अर्थात् यह पौधे की वृद्धि को रोकता है।
कार्य:
ऐबसिसिक अम्ल पौधों की वृद्धि को रोकता है।
यह वाष्पोत्सर्जन की क्रिया का नियंत्रण रंध्रों (stomata) को बन्द करके करता है।
यह बीजों तथा कलिकाओं को सुषुप्तावस्था (Dormant stage) में लाता है।
यह पत्तियों के झड़ने की क्रिया को नियंत्रित करता है।
ऐबसिसिक एसिड पौधों से फूलों एवं फलों के पृथक्करण की क्रिया का भी नियंत्रण करता है।
एथिलीन Ethylene
एथिलीन गैसीय रूप में पौधों में पाया जाने वाला हार्मोन है। इसके द्वारा पौधों की लम्बाई में वृद्धि होती है परन्तु यह पौधे की लम्बाई में वृद्धि को रोकता है। इस हार्मोन का निर्माण पौधे के प्रत्येक भाग में होता है।
कार्य:
एथिलीन के द्वारा पौधों की चौड़ाई में वृद्धि होती है।
यह पौधों की पत्तियों एवं फलों के झड़ने की क्रिया को नियंत्रित करता है।
पौधे के विभिन्न भागों की सुषुप्तावस्था को समाप्त कर इसे अंकुरण के लिए प्रेरित करता है।
एथिलीन हार्मोन फलों के पकने (Ripening) में मुख्य भूमिका निभाता है।
फ्लोरिजिन्स Florigens
फ्लोरिजिन्स का संश्लेषण पत्तियों में होता है, परन्तु ये फूलों के खिलने (Blooming) में मदद करते हैं। इसलिए फ्लोरिजिन्स को फूल खिलाने वाला हार्मोन (Flowering hormone) भी कार्य करते हैं।
कार्य:
इस हार्मोन के द्वारा फ्लों का खिलना नियंत्रित होता है।
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